Hydrocarbon-motor.



A. LOOMIS.

HYDROCARBON MOTOR.

APPLICAHON FILED MAR. 22. 1909.

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4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Q/ml'ucmco A. LOOMIS.

HYDROCARBON MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22. 190av Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Witweaoea M 7 Giro-mango Patented Dec. 14, 191'.

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VIIIIIIL UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALLEN 12002513, OF DETROIT. IHCHIGAH. ASSIGNOR, BY HESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T PACKARD HOTOB CAB COIITABTY, 0F DETROIT, KICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF HICIEIGAH.

HYDBOCARBUN-KOTOR.

ficcificafion of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 1-1, 1915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that L ALLES Looms, a citizen of the limited Stata, at Detroit, in the count) of Wayne and State of Blichl have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to motors and particularly to hydrocarbon motors of the type employing sliding valves. In the particular embodiment shown in the drawings. it is applied to a motor having neeve valves arranged to reciprocate between the piston and the. cylinder walls. for the purpose of closing and opening the inlet and exhaust ports of the motor by oofiperating openings or ports in the valves.

While the invention was especially designed for use on the particular form of motor shown and has peculiar advantages when so applied. it. will be understood that its broad features are applicable to other forms One of the principal objects of the invention is to operate the makes of the several cylinders of a mnlti-cylinder motor by means which will be simple in construction and effective. In other words to reduce as; tar as poible the number of working parts necessary to eflect the various operations.

Other obiects and adrantages will appear from the following description taken with the accompanvine drawings. in which.

Fi ure l is a longitudinal section and part elevation of a four-enlinder motor embodyin; some of the features of mi: invention; Fig. 2 is a cross auproximatelv on the line 2-2 of Fig. I: Fig. 3 afragmentarr' view s milar to Fig. 2 with the mot,- i g parts in difie ent relative positions; 1 3g. 1 'B a de ail sectional view of a po tion of the cylinder head shown in Fig. 2: Fig. 5 is a plan view and part section illustrating another form'of val e reciurocatin'r means;

' Fig, 6 is a fr gmentarv c oss sect on on the cylinder motor embodying the valve reciproeating means shown in Fig. 7.

1, 2. and 4 represent respectively the four cylinders of the multi-cylinder motor shown in 1, and 5 represents the crank shaft turning in the bearings T in the crank case 6. As shown particularly in Fig. 2 this crank case is preferably made in three parts, rm, the upper partor supporting frame 8, the intermediate section 9 between which and the support 8 the bearing 7 are, contained, and the bottom cover or oil well section 10 which latter section is easily removable to give access to theinterior of the crank case. 'The cranks 11 of the crank shaft 5 are set 180 apart and the connec' tions are so made that the order of firing when the motor is operated on the fourstroke cycle, is successively in cylinders 1- 2+3.

The fly wheel is shown at 12 mounted on crank shaft 5. In each 0 {the cylinders is arranged the usual piston 13 connected to its respective crank by the ccnnectinsz rod 14. Each cylinder islt-rovided with suitable inlet portslz'i and opposite outlet or exhaust ports 16. these ports having suitable pipe connections with the carbureter and exhaust pipe respectively. Each cylinder also has a removable head 17. the central portion of which" extends down into the cvlinder coaxiallv with the piston.- leavine an annular space between its peripherv and the CYFIlf'ler walls above the inlet and exhaust po-ts. The cvlinders and their heads are suitably water-jacketed as shown at 18.

It will be noted that the water chamber in thatrart of the head which extends ino the cYlini ler is lower than ifs water ont'et l9 and the efore it is imposs b e to proverlv drain this water chamber. This water bowe er Should be reunited hen the motor is standing idle. particular-Iv in cold wather when it would be like]? to been: and to acc molish this an oneninq is p m'ided in norniallv closed by a removable plug '22. This means for removing the trapped water in the cvlinder head is an important feature of this invent-ion, since without some such means it is hardly a commercial possibility to manufacture and ship motors of this character in a cold climate. The motors, particularly if emploved on motor vehicles, must be tried out befere the? are shipped hich of course necessitates filling the water jackets. and after such trial, if it were necessary to remove the cylinder heads for the purpose of draining them, the last trving out of the motor would have lost much of its value for the reason that the heads might be improperlv placed on the motor after being drained and the liability of shiDping a motor in imperfect condition would be thereby greatlv increased.

Arranged to reciprocate longitudmally in each cylinder are two concentric sleeves which surround the piston and the downwzrdly exten a central portion of the head above descri the inner sleeve forming the piston barrel and both sleeves having ports arranged to cooperate to open the inlet and exhaust ports of the cylinder. The inner sleeve 23 has the oppositely arranged ports "24-25 which during the movement of the sleeve register respectively with the ports 15 and 16, and the outer sleeve 26 has the ports 27 and 28 which also register at times with the ports 15 and 16 tively. From this it will be observed that in order to open communication between the inlet port 15 and the interior of the cylinder it IS necmry that the ports 24 and LI shall simnltaneously register with the inlet port 15, and in order to open communication be tween the interior of the cylinder and the exhaust port 16 it is neomry that the ports 25 and 28 shall simultaneously register with said exhaust port 16. It will also be ob served upon reference to the drawings that the above mentioned ports are so arranged and the sleeves so reciprocated that the inlet port 15 is open to the interior of the cvlinder during every other down stroke of the piston, or one opening for every two complete revolutions of the crank shaft and the same is true of the exhaust port 16 except that it is opened on the up stroke of the piston which succeeds the firing down stroke thereof. The mechanism for thus reciprocating the sleeves will n w be described.

Mounted preferable in the upper or supporting section 8 of the crank case is a valve operating shaft 29, shown in Fig. l as turning in the bearings 30. This shaft may be r tated by the crank shaft at half the speed of said crank shaft by any suitable gearing which gives it one revolution for everv two revolutions of the crank shaft In the present instance this gearing includes the sprocket 31 on the shaft '29 and the sprocket 32 rn the crank shaft. the former sprocket having twice as many teeth as the latter, and a chain 33 operatively connects the sprockets. A forward extension 34 on the supporting section of the crank case forms a housing for the sprockets and chain and the front end of this housing is closed by a re movable cover as will be clearly understood.

As heretofore constructed, motors of this type having sliding valves for controlling the inlet and exhaust ports have had a separate actuator such as an eccentric for moving each of said valves Heretofore also it has been the practice in multi-cylinder motors of this type to disregard the relative positions of the sleeves or sliding valves of the various cylinders and no attempt has been made to operate a sleeve or sliding valve of one cylinder in coincidence or in phase with the sleeve or sliding valve of an other cylinder. In the present invention, however, these matters have been carefullv worked out and the ports in the valve sleeves have been so arranged with relation to the ports in the cylinder and to the head 17 that the inner sleeve of each cylinder will be at all times a quarter period ahead of the outer sleeve of the same cylinder and a so a quarter period ahead of its corresponding sleeve of the cylinder which fires next. Of course it is necessary that the sleeves of each cvlinder shall be a quarter period ahead of their c rresponding sleeves in the next firing cylinder so long as the cranks of the crank shaft are arranged 180 apart. but the degree of difi'erence between the sleeves of the same cylinder and the positions of the ports in the sleeves are matters which may' be varied within wide limits and with various results as regards ease of manufacture and the time of opening and closing the inlet and exhaust ports Various means may be used for actuating the sleeves and where eccentrics are employed for that purpose they will of course be arranged 90 apart so as to secure the operation of the sleeves a quarter period apart as above dacribed In the four-cylinder motor shown therefore there will be onlv four positions for the ei ht eccentrirs, thus bringing two eccentries in line on the shaft and them to e machined and ground in pairs instead of separately.

Aside from the manufacturing advantages of arranging the slee es at a quarter period apart it is found that some of the eccentrics which would otherwise be necessarv may be entirely dispensed with and that six. four. or e en one eccentric mav e made to actuate all of the sleeves The method of actuating the eight sleeves from six eccentrics is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings and by referring thereto it will be seen that the eccentric 36 reciprocates the inner sleeve '23 of cylinder N0. 1 through the connecting rod 37 which extends between said eccentric 36 and the ears 38 on the enlarged lower end 39 of said sleeve 23, the pin -10 pasing through the upper end of said connecting rod 37 and the ears 38 as will be readily understood. The eccentric 41 reciprocates the outer sleeve :26 of cylinder No. 1 and the inner sleeve 23 of cylinder X0. 2 through the connecting rod 37. The eccentric l2 reciprocates the outer sleeve 26 of cylinder No. 2 through its connecting rod 37. Thus the four sleeves of cylinders 1 and 2 are actuated by the three eccentrics 36. 41 and 4:2. this being rendered possible by the fact that the outer sleeve 26 of cylinder No. 1 and the inner sleeve :23 of cytinder No. '2 move coincidently. Also it will be noticed that the cars 38 on the outer sleeves of cylinders 1 and 2 are dropped down slightly below the lower edge of the sleeves. and this is necmry in the case of the outer sleeve of cylinder No. 1 to provide for its connection with the connecting rod 37 by the same pin 40 that connects said rod with the inner sleeve 23 of cylinder No. 2. In the case of cylinder No. 2 it is desirable since it makes it po$ible to have all of the connecting rods 37 of the same length. which of course is a distinct advantage in manufacturing.

The arrangement of the eccentrics and sleeves of cylinders 3 and 4 is identical with that of cylinders 1 and 2 except that the patts are shown in opposite phase with cylinder No. 4 leading. Thus the outer sleeve 26 of cylir der No. 3 is reciprocated through its conneciing rod 37 by the eccentric 43; the inner sleeve of cylinder No. 3 and the outer sleeve of cylinder R0. 4 operate coincidently and are recipromted through connecting 111d 37 by the eccentric 44, and the inner sleeve of cylinder No. 4 is reciprocated through its connecting rod 37 by the eccentric 45. The first, third, fourth and sixth connectingrods37 areshown intheir extreme up or down position and the second and fifth rods are in intermediate position, while the arrows on them indicate the direction in which they are traveling.

Since the inner sleeve 23 of cylinder No. I and the outer eeve '26 of cylinder No. 3 move coincidently, one of the eccentris 36 and 43 may be dispensed with and the two sleeves connected so that one will actuate the other, or the two sleeves may be actuated bvasinglemeans. asthroughtherockshaft illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. Referring particularly to said figures. the eccentric 36 is shown with its connecting rod 37 broken away near the top and it will be understood that this connecting rod is connected ciprocating movement of the sleeve 23 of cylinder No. 1 imparts an oscillatory move ment to the rock shaft 53, and said rock shaft in turn imparts a like reciprocating movement to the outerrsleeve 26 of cylinder No. 3 through the forked arm 54 and sliding blocks and pin as illustrated in connection with the arm 52. Thus the single eccentric 36 reciprccates coincidently both the inner sleeve of cylinder No. 1 and the outer sleeve of cylinder No. 3, and it will be readily understood that the outer sleeve of cylinder -o. 2 and the inner sleeve of cylinder No. 4, which reciprocate coincidently, may also be actuated by a single eccentric through a similar rock shaft and arms. By this arnangement the eight sleeves will be reciprocated by four eccentrils, each eccentric actuating two sleeves.

As shown particularly in Fig. 6, the rock shaft53is in gs55inaseparately cast cover 56 which closes the opening 57 in the side of the upper or supporting section 8 of the crank case. arrange ment makes the inspection of the actuating devices convenient and facilitates manufactnre.

With the arrangement of sleeves and sleeve actuating means above described, taken at any one time, there are but four positions for the eight sleeves, two sleeves occupying each of these four positions and each position a quarter period from the next position, which of course makes each position diametrically opposite to one of the other positions. There ore all eight sleeves may be properly operated from two rock shafts which may be arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the crank shaft and on opposite sides of the cylinder, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8- Here the rock shaft 58hasthe oppositearms59,60,andthearm 59 is connected by rod 3? with the outer sleeve of cylinder 3'0. 1 and the inner sleeve of cylinder No. 2, and the arm 60 is connected through rod 37 with the inner sleeve of cylinder No. 3 and the outer sleeve of cylinder K0. 4, these connections being similar to those of eccentrics 41 and 44 tively of Fig. 1. The rock shaft 61 is provided with four arms 62, each of which is connected flit-011$ its respective connecting rod 37 with the inner sleeves of cylinders 1 and 4 and the outer sleeves of cylindem :2 and 3. These connections are shown in Fig. 8 and are similar to those illustrated in Fig. 1, as will be readily understood- The rock shafts 58 and 61 may be rocked by separate eccentrics on a gear driven at half speed by the crank shaft, the said eccentrics being arranged at an angle of 90 to each other, or the said shafts may be rocked by a single eccentric 63 on a gear 6-1 meshing with a gear 65 of half its size mounted on the crank shaft 5, this connection being through arms 66 and T on the respective rock shafts and connec rods 68 and 69.

In the particular form shown in F igs. 7 and 8 all of the sleeves are not only actuated by the two parallel rock shafts. but those two rock shafts, arranged on opposite sides of the cylinders, are actuated from a ngle eccentric rotated at half the speed of the crank shaft, and thus all eight sleeves of a four-cylinder motor are actuated from a single eccentric. above indicated it is desired that the sleeves be actuated a quarter period apart and to this end the rock shafts 5S and 61 are so connected to the eccentric 63 that one of these shafts will be at the middle of its oscillating stroke when the other is at the end of its stroke. As shown the shafts 58 and 61 oscillate about 90 and when one is midway of the extremes of its travel the other is at the end of its travel- It will be understood however that the particular movement is not essential and those skilled in the art will be able to so armnge and proportion the parts as to secure the desired relative movement and timing. As shown the connecting rods 68 and 69 meet each other at the eccentric 63 at an angle of approximately 90 and thus when one of these rods is at the end of its reciprocating stroke the other is at the middle of its stroke. For instance, in the position of the arms indicated in Fig. 7 the arm 69 has ceased moving upward and will at once commence to descend, whereas armGSistangenttothepathoftravel of eccentric 63, and is therefore at the middle of its longitudinal movement. This situation is reversed every time the eccentric 63 travels 90- An additional feature of the form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 6 is the difi'ercute in the velocities of the various sleeves at the different points in their travel. For instance, with the ordinary eccentric movement, the sleeves travel fastest midway of their path of travel, ing either up or down, and their W 15 slackened toward both ends of their travel. This is of course desirable in this type of motor in order to obtainaqnickopeningandclosingofthe inlet and exhaust ports and at the same time to have the sleeves moving slowly during the time that the ports are covered. This difference in movement of the sleeves at he center and at the ends of their t a el is augmented by the action of the rock shafts 58, 1 and th ir short arms. since said arms are at an angle of about at the extremes of their movement and thus are moving the sleeses slower toward the upper and lower positions than they are at the center of the stroke- Of course all of these movements are relative and as above stated the rock shafts merely augment or intensify the action of the eccentric 63.

\Vith the above explanation it is believed that the operation ot the motor and the various forms of valve actuating means will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

Nearly all hydrocarbon motors umd in motorvehicle construction at the present time are designed to be started by hand, that is, the first turn of the crank shaft is given by the operator to start the motor on its proper cycle of operation. In the larger motors of this character some difiiculty is experienced in compressing L19 charge by thus turning the crank shaft by hand and various devices have heretofore been designed for partially relieving the compression during the compression stroke of the piston. In a four-stroke cycle motor it is of course desirable that the cylinder be open to the atmosphere to relieve the presure during a part only of the compression stroke of the piston and not during the entire period of this stroke even in cranking, and during all of the other strokes of the piston it should be closed. If a pet cock is emploved in the head of the cylinder for the purpose of relieving the compulsion, this pet cock must also remain open during the intake stroke of the motor and thus considerable air is drawn into the cylinder which rarifies the mixture and increases the difliculty of starting. Moreover, the compression is too much relieved for the reason that the pet cock remains open during the entire compression stroke The ideal situation therefore is the provision of 11 sep arate valve which shall be opened during a part only of the comprwion stroke of the pinon, and in the present invention such a device is embodied, which device will now be described.

Referring particularly to Figs 1 and 2, it w ll be noted that the inner s ee e 23 is p ovided in one side with a port 46 and that the outer slee e 26 has a sim lar po t 47, and them ports are so arranged that thev will o erlap or be in register during a pa t of the compressicn stroke of the iston- They a e shown so n register in Fig. 3. In the side of the cvlinder and adan ed o register with the ports 46 and 47, when the hemsel es a e in register is a re ief port 48, the outlet of hich is controlled bv a pet cock 49. and when said pet cock is opened the as d sc arged from the same ente s the pipe bv wh ch it is con eyed to the atmosphere b n ath the motor or to any other convenient place- Fig. 3 shows the piston 13 on its compression stroke before it reaches the port -16. Both sleeves are traveling upwardly as is indicated by their connections .vith the eccentrics and by the arrows, and as the outer sleeve will from that point travel slightly faster than the inner sleeve, owing to the greater angularity of its connecting rod 37, it will be seen that the ports 46, 47 and 48 will be out of register at about the same moment that the piston 13 overrides the port 46. Thus the relief port 48 is cut of! from the interior of the c lindcr until the next compreion stroke of the piston, the ports atfi and 47 being out of register on the next up or exhaust stroke of the piston. Of course the pet cock 49 may be operated to close the port 48 at any time and the compression relief is then inoperative.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed is:

1. In a motor, the combination with four cylinders, the pistons therein, and a crank shaft, of a valve mechanism adapted to cause the power makes of the pistons to occur in succession, said me hanism including a sliding valve for each cylinder, a valve shaft thereon an eccentrimlly mounted member, means for rotating said valve shaft from the crank shaft, and connections from said eccentrically mounted member to said valves for operating the latter.

2- In a four cvlinder motor, the combination with the cylinders, the pistons therein, the crank shaft, and a pair of sliding valves for excl. cylinder, of a valve shaft having thereon an eocentrically mounted member, meals for rotating said valve shaft from the crank shaft, and connections from said 'ecoentricallv mounted member to said valves adapted to cause the povver stroks of the pistons to occur in succession.

3. In a four cylinder motor. the combination with the cylinder, the pistons therein, the crank shaft. and a pair of sliding valves for each cylinder provided with coiiperating ports adapted to he brought into register. of a valve shaft having thereon an eccentric-ally mounted member. means for rotating said valve shaft from the crank shaft. and connectionsfrom aid ecccntrically mounted memler to said alves adapted to cause the power strokes of the pistons to occur in succession.

4. In a mnlti-cvlinder motor, the combination with the cvlinders. the pistons therein. and a crank shaft. valve mechanism including a sliding valve for each cylinder. a

valve shaft. having thereon an ,ecceutricallv mounted member. means for rotating said valveshaft from the'crank shaft. and confrom said ecceutrically mounted to'said valves adapted to cause the valves for each cylinder, of a valve shaft having thereon an eccentricallv mounted member, means for rotating said valve shaft from the crank shaft, and connections from said eccentrically mounted member to said valves adapted to cause the power strokes of a the pistons to occur in succession.

6. In a multi-cylinder motor, the combination with the cylinders, the pistons there in, the crank shaft, and a pair of sliding valves for each cylinder provided with op erating ports adapted to be brought into register, of a valve shaft having thereon an eccentrically mounted member, means for rotating said valve shaft from the crank shaft, and connections from said eccentri mlly mounted member to said valves adapted to cause the power strokes of the pistons to occur in succession.

7. In a four cylinder motor, the combination with the cylinders, the pistons therein, the crank shaft, and a pair of sliding valves for each cylinder, of a valve shaft having thereon an eccentrically mounted member, means for rota said valve shaft from the crank shaft, connections from said eccentrically mounted member to four of aid valves for operating the same, and means for operating the remaining valves 8. In a four-cylinder motor, the combination with the cylinders, the pistons therein, and a pair of sliding valves for each cylinder, of a rock shaft connected to reciprocate four of mid alves, means for rocking said rock shaft, and means for reciprocating the other four valves.

9. Ina four cylinder motor, the combination with the cylinders, the pistons therein, anda pair of sliding valves for each cylindeli, of two rock shafts connected to operate all of said valves and means for rocking said rock shafts.

10. In a multicvlinder motor, the combination with the cylinders, the pistons thereim and a pair of movable valve sleeves surrounding each piston and having cooperatmg ports of a valve operating shaft driven by the crank shaft, and rock shafts having arms connected rapectively with certain of mid sleeves and with said valve shaft.

11. In a multi-cvlinder motor. the combination 'vvith the cylinders, the pistons there in. and a pair of movable valve sleeves surrounding each piston and having coimerating ports. of a valve operating shaft driven by the crank shaft. 2 rock shaft having arms connected res ectively with one of Sld sleeves and with an actuating part of mid valve shaft whereby said sleeve is reciprorated. and means for reciprocating the remaining sic-e es of said motor.

12. In a mnltivvlinder motor, the combination with the cylinders, the pistons therein, and a pair of movable valve sleeves surrounding each piston and having cooperating ports, of a plurality of connecting rods for imparting movement to said sleeves, one of said rods being connected to actuate a plurality of sleeves simultaneously in the same direction.

13- In a mnlti-cylinder motor, the combinat on with the cylinders having inlet and exhaust ports, and the pistons in said cylinders, of a pair of valve sleeves surrounding each piston, said sleeves ports and being movable to cooperate in covering and uncovering the ports in the cylinders, the movement of one sleeve of each pair in phase with the movement of one of the sleeves of another and means for imparting the required movement to the sleeves.

14. In a multi-cylinder motor, the combination with the pistons, of a pair of valve sleeves surrounding each piston having inlet and exhaust ports adapted to he brought into register, means for connecting said ports with the supply and exhaust rspeo tively when in register, and means for moving one sleeve of each pair in phase with the sleeve of another pair.

15. In a multi-cylinder motor, the combintaion with the pistons, of a pair of valve sleeves surrounding each piston having inlet and exhaust ports adapted to be brought into register, means for connecting said ports with the supply and respectively, when in and means for moving the inner sleeve of'one pair in phase with the outer sleeve of another pair.

16. In a motor, the combination with the cylinders having inletand exhaust. ports, andthe in said'cylinders, of a pair of valve sleeves surrounding each piston, said sleeves ports and being movable to ooiioperate in covering and uncovering the ports in the cylinders, and means for moving the inner sleeve of each pairin phasewiththe outersleeve of another pair.

1?- In a mnlti'cylindcr motor, the combination with the cylindershaving inlet and exhaust ports, and the pistons in mid cylindais, of a pair of valve sleeves surrounding each p stomsn'd sleeves having ports and being movable to co5perate in covering and uncovering the ports in the cylinders, and means for moving the inner sleeve of one pair in phase with the outer sleeve of another air.

18. n a multi-cylinder motor, the combination with the cvlinders having inlet and exlmiSt ports, and the pistons in said cylinders. of a pair of valve sleeves surrounding e-.zch piston, said sleeves having ports and being movable to cooperate in covering and uncovering the ports in the cylinders, connections whereby one sleeve of each pair will partake of and be in phase with the movement of one of the sleeves of another pair, and means for imparting movement to all of the sleeves 19. In a multi-cvlinder motor, the combination with the cylinders having inlet and exhaust ports, and the pistons in said cylinders, of a pair of valve sleeves surrounding each piston, said sleeves having ports and being movable to cover and uncover the ports in the cylinders, the movement of one sleeve of each pair being in phase with the movement of one of the sleeves of another pair, and means for imparting the required movement to the sleeves.

20. In a multi-cylinder motor, the combi nation with the pistons, of a pair of valve sleeva surrounding each piston said sleeves having ports and being movable to bring the ports into register the movement of one sleeve of each pair being in phase with the movement of one of the sleeves of another pair, and means for imparting the required movement to the sleeves.

21. In a multi-cylinder motor, the combination with the pistons, of a pair of longitudinally sliding valve sleeves surrounding each piston, said sleeves having ports adapt ed to be brought into register, and means for moving one sleeve of each pair in phase with one of the sleeves of another pair.

In a multi-cylinder motor, the combination with the cylinders having inlet and exhaust ports and pistons in said cylinders,

of a 'pair of valve sleeva for each piston said sleeves being movable to cover and micover the ports in the cylinders, and means for moving one sleeve of each pair in phase with one sleeve of another pair.

:23. In a f0UI-SlI0kB cycle hydrocarbon motor, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports and a relief port, and means common to all of said ports for opening'and closing the inlet and exhaust ports and for opening thnelz relief port during the compression stroke 0 y- 24. In a four-stroke cycle hydrocarbon motor, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports arranged on opposite sides thereof and a relief port, and positively actuated valves for opening and closing the inlet and exhaust ports and for opening the relief port during the compression stroke only.

25. In a fou -cycle hydrocarbon motor, the comhinatioi with the cylinder and piston working therein, mid cylinder having a relief port in its wall approximately midvvay of the travel of the piston whereiy'said port is uncovered by said piston during approximately half of its stroke, means operated by the motor for closing sa1d port during the dovvn strokes and one of the upsti okes of the piston. and manually operable means controlling said port.

26. In a four-cycle hydrocarbon motor, the combination with the cylinder and piston working therein, said cylinder having a relief port in its wall approximately andvvay of the travel of the PZStOH whereoy said port is uncovered by said piston during approximately half of its stroke, means operated by the crank shaft for closing said port during both down strokm and during one and part of the other upstroke of the p:ston, and manually operable means controlling said port.

21'. In a four-cycle hydrocarbon motor, the combination with the cylinder, the piston working therein, and a pair of valve sleeves surrounding the piston and adapted to slide one within the other between the piston and the cylinder walls, said cylinder having a relief port in its wall approximately midway of the travel of the piston and said sleeves having ports which cooperate to open and close the cylinder relief port to the combustion chamber of the motor, and means for reciprocating said sleeves to open said relief port during a part of the compresion stroke only or the piston, of a manually operable valve for controlling the outlet of said relief port.

28. In a four'cycle hydrocarbon motor, the combination with the cylinder, the piston working therein, and a pair of valve sleeves surrounding the piston and adapted to slide one the other between the piston and the cylinder walls Slld cylinder having a re lief port in its wall and said sleeves having ports which cooperate to open and close the cylinder relief port, and means for reciprocating said sleeves to open said nelief port during a part of the compresa'on stroke only of the piston, of a manually operable valve for controlling the outlet of said relief port.

29. In a multiple cylinder motor, the combinab'on with a plurality of cylinders, pistons therein. a crank shaft, and valve mecha' nian including a sliding valve for each cylinder, of a shaft having thereon an eccentrically mounted member, and means connetting said member with a plurality of Said valves and adapted to cause the power strokes of the pistons to occur in succesion- 30. In a multiple cylinder motor, the combination with a plurality of cylinders, pistons therein, a crank shaft, and a plurality of sliding valves for each cylinder, of a shaft having thereon an eccentrically mounted member, and means connecting said valves with said member and adapted to cause the power strokes of the pistons to occur in suc- CEIGIL 31. In a multiple cylinder motor, the combination with a plurality of cylinders, pistons therein, a crank shaft, and a plurality of sliding valves for each cylinder, of a sha ft having thereon an eccentrically mounted IDEHJUGI, and means connecting said member with the valves of a plurality of said cylinders and adapted to cause the power strokes of the pistons in said cylinders to occur in succession.

:2. ln :1 multi-cylindcr motor, the combi nation with a plurality of cylinders, pistons therein, a cram; shaft, and valve mechanism including a sliding valve for each cylinder, one of the valves for each cylinder leading the other, and an eccentric connected to operate the leading valve of one cylinder and the lagging valve of another cylinder.

In a multi-cylinder motor, the combination with a plurality of cylinders, pistons therein, a crank shaft, and a plurality of sliding valves for each cylinder, of a rock shaft connected to reciprocate a plurality of said valves, and means for reciproaiting the other valves.

3d. 111 a multi-cylinder motor, the combination with a plurality of cylinders, pistons therein, a crank shaft, and a plurality of sliding valves for each cylinder, of a pair of rock shafts for reciprocating all of said valves.

35. In a motor, the combination of the cylinder and piston therein, said cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports and a relief port, means for closing and opening said inlet and exhaust ports to operate the motor on the desired cycle, and positively operated means for closing said relief port and opening it to the cylinder during a part of one stroke only of the motor.

36. In a motor, the combination of the cylinder and piston therein, said cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports and a relief port, means for closing and opening said inlet and exhaust ports to operate the motor on the desired cycle, and means operated by the piston for uncovering mid relief port during a part only of the stroke of the motor.

37. In a hydrocarbon motor, the combination of the cylinder and piston working therein, said cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports and a relief port, means for closing and opening said inlet and exhaust ports to operate the motor on the four-stroke cycle, and means for closing said relief port and opening it to the cylinder during the early part of the compression stroke only.

38. In a hydrocarbon motor, the combination of the cylinder and piston working therein, said cylinder hafing inlet and exhaust ports and a relief port, means for clos ing and opening said inlet and exhaust ports to operate the motor on the four-stroke cycle,

' outlet of said relief port.

39. In a four-sfl'oke cycle hydrocarbon mo tor, the combination of the cylinder and piston, $Lld cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports and a relief port, of means movable H) within the cylinder for opening and closing said inlet and exhaust ports and for opening the port during the compression stroke and for maintaining the relief p011 closed during the remaining strokes of the cycle.

In testimony whereof I afiis my signature in presence of two witnesses ALLEN LOOMIS. Witnesses:

I. Hanna's, C. I. DALE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained or five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,163,935, granted December 14,

1915, upon the application of Allen Loomis, of Detroit, Michigan, for an improvement in Hydrocarbon-Motors, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 9, for the word befere" read before; page 8,

line 12, claim 39, before the word port insert relief; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 11th day of January, A. D., 1916.

J. T. NEWTON,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

[smn] 

